There are situations in which we get browser popups or multiple browser windows, when we open an URL or click on an element on browser.
Note – popups can be blocked in browser using some browser add-ons, but for testing purpose, sometimes we need to allow the popups or multiple windows.
A single instance of selenium web-driver can handle multiple popups and browser windows.
Let’s see how web-driver handles these above mentioned popups or browser windows.
Selenium provides 2 methods getWindowHandle() and getWindowHandles() to deal with the multiple browser windows.
getWindowHandle() -
This method returns the current browser window handle id that the web-driver is currently holding.
getWindowHandles() -
This method returns set of browser window handle ids that are invoked/opened by the web-driver, each browser window is corresponds to one id, so we can loop over the Set and work on each browser and close.
and we use switchTo().window(window_handle_id) to switch to particular browser window.
Like we can keep the main windows handle id in a string, so we can switch back to main window after doing some testing on other browser windows opened.
String mainWindow = driver.getWindowHandle();
After working on all other windows, we can switch back to main window as –
driver.switchTo().window(mainTab);Below is the code implementation and comments of each line explanation
import java.util.Iterator;import java.util.Set;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;public class WindowHandling {public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/Users/userName/sel/chromedriver");WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver();driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10L, TimeUnit.SECONDS);driver.get("https://skpatro.github.io/demo/links/");driver.findElement(By.name("NewWindow")).click();Set<String> windows = driver.getWindowHandles(); //s holds the set of all browser windowsSystem.out.println("No. of browser windows opened - " + windows.size());for(String window : windows){if(!mainWindow.equals(window)) { //skip main window switching nowdriver.switchTo().window(window);System.out.println(driver.getCurrentUrl());System.out.println(driver.getTitle());}}driver.switchTo().window(mainWindow); //return back to main window//do some testing on main windowdriver.quit();}}
So in above scenario, we have 2 windows one is actual browser screen while launching app, and the extra browser popped up on new tab.
Sometimes we can have more than 2 windows as well.
We skipped switching to main window and switched to other windows and fetched the URL and title of browser window [you can test anything on the screen]
then switched back to main window.
Another way also we can handle using Iterator –
Iterator<String> iter = windows.iterator();String maintab=(String) iter.next();//maintab holds the 1st browser windowString childtab=(String) iter.next();//childtab holds the next browser windowdriver.switchTo().window(childtab); //move to child browser windowSystem.out.println("childtab " + driver.getTitle());driver.close();driver.switchTo().window(maintab); //move to parent browser windowSystem.out.println("maintab " + d.getTitle());
In the above case, we have 2 browser popups / windows, so we handled as above,
Let’s say we have multiple windows like 2 or more, then you can loop the Set and perform some action in each iteration.
Iterator<String> iter = windows.iterator();while(iter.hasNext()) {if(!mainWindow.equals(iter.next()){driver.switchTo().window(iter.next());System.out.println("window - " + driver.getTitle());//do any other actions for this browser window}}driver.switchTo().window(maintab); //move to parent browser windowSystem.out.println("maintab " + d.getTitle());
Hope that helps!
